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@After the end of Mycenian civilization, Greek
world moved to the so-called Dark age. Almost all the monumental
palaces were abandoned and her major art completely disappeared.
Only the pottery followed the tradition and developed new
style, which was led by workshops of Attica who had less damage
during the age of disturbance and recovered earlier than other
cities[2].
Pottery of the period between Mycenian and following
Geometric has the style called Protogeometric and techniques
for the production were developed. It is generally suggested
that potter's wheels turned much faster were introduced and
made it possible to create vessels with thinner wall.
Different from Geometric style, only cencentric
circles or semicircles and waved lines were used for the decoration.
It is sometimes argued how they drew the circles[3]. The circles originated from Late Mycenian
floral decoration which was highly stylized in the Sub-Mycenian
period.
Except for stirrup jar and squat alabastron,
most Late Mycenian shapes survived. There are three types
of neck amphorae which are classified from the handles. Neck-handled
amphora, survived until the Classical period or much later,
has two vertical handles attached from neck to shoulder. Shoulder-handled
amphora also has two vertical handles, but both ends of the
handle are attached on the shoulder. Belly-handled amphora
has a holizontal handle on both sides of the body. Although
hydriae are already introduced in this period, they are not
so popular. Kraters also survived from the previous period
and are either with M-shaped handles or stirrup handles which
were developed into column kraters. Oinochoe has either trefoil
or round mouth. Skyphos is also the shape taken from the Mycenian
repertory.
This new tradition was soon followed by other
cities. By the excavations at Lefkandi, Euboia, florished
Protogeometric city and many objects including pottery have
been revealed[4]. Favorite pattern of Euboian workshops was
pendent semicircles, generally depicted on the handle-zone
of skyphoi or cups[5]. Her vessels were found from many sites around
the Mediterranean Sea and some local workshops copied the
decoration. These vessels are often used as the evidence of
Greeks' activities.
In Peloponnesos, many cities produced their
own pottery, but they share similar style and are strongly
influenced by Attic style. Her influence is also obvious in
East Greek workshops. On the other hand, Euboian style is
followed by Cycladic and Thessarian workshops.
Crete has different development. Although the
remaining preference for naturalistic representation could
be the reason, we have to consider her close relationship
with Cyprus. Cretan Protogeometric style was introduced when
Attic workshops were about to move into the middle Geometric
period. Even though some features such as concentric circles
were introduced, they kept producing vessels of older shapes
such as stirrup jars, which were already abandoned at the
mainland. It is noticable that Cretan workshops kept depicting
figure decoration and some eastern subjects such as lion hunt
and sphinx were represented in silhouette[6].
[1] |
For Protogeometric
pottery, see, Desborough, V. R.d'
A. Protogeometric Pottery (1952), Desborough, V.
R.d' A. The Greek Dark Ages (1972), Murray, R.
L. The protogeometric style: the first Greek style
(1975) |
[2] |
For Attic
Protogeometric pottery, see, Kraiker,
W. and Kubler, K. Kerameikos 1 (1939), Kubler,
K., Kerameikos 4, (1943). |
[3] |
For the
techniques to produce concentric circles, see, Eiteljorg,
H., "The fast wheel, the multiple brush compass and
Athens as home of the Protogeometric style" AJA
84 (1980) pp.445-452; J. K. Papadopoulos, et. al. "Drawing
Circles: Experimental Archaeology and Pivoted Multiple
Brush" AJA 102 (1998) p.509-529 |
[4] |
For Protogeometric
pottery from Lefkandi, see, Popham, M. R. and Sackett,
L. H., Lefkandi 1, (1980), Popham, M. R. et al.,
Lefkandi 2.1, (1990) |
[5] |
For vessels
with concentric circles, see, Kearsley, R, The pendent
semi-circle skyphos, (1989) |
[6] |
For Cretan
Protogeometric pottery, see, Brock, J. K., Fortetsa,
(1957). |
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