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There are two main orders in Greek Temples, regardless of their
scale. The Ionic order was developed in Ionian regions of the
west coast of Asia Minor, the Doric order was favoured in Dorian
area, though the basic element is same.
The platform, Krepis, has three steps and the upper step is called
stylobates, on which columns were built. In the Doric order the
shaft, Kion, was settled on stylobates, on the other hand, the
shaft of Ionic order rested on a base, Speira. The former has
slight bulge called Enthasis and usually 20 swallow flutes, Rabdotos,
the latter has 24 deeper flutes.
The capital, Kionokranon, resting on the shaft clearly marks
the difference of these orders. The Doric
capital surmount the column through a convex moulding, Echinus,
above this is a flat rectangular slab Abacus. The
Ionic capital has two volutes arranged symmetrically and egg
pattern below it, and thinner abacus above them.
The entablature supported by the columns are composed of three
parts. The lowest element is Epistylion, in Doric order has a
band, Tainia, on the upper part, from which the ornaments, Regula,
composed of six drops hang down at regular intervals. In the Ionic
order has three bands with same height, though slightly overlapping.
The middle element is Zophoros. The Doric temple has plates,Triglyph,
with two vertical graves over the Regulae, and between these plate,
there are broader plates, Metope, sometimes have relief sculptures.
The Ionic temple has no ornament or continuous relief sculpture.
The highest part, Geison, is thinner than other part and slightly
projected. The Geison of Doric temple has same ornaments, Mutulus,
as regula under the eaves with every Triglyphs and Metopes. The
Ionic temple has toothlike ornament on it. The triangular part
surrounded by the Geison and ridge beams is called Tympanon, in
which the group of sculptures are arranged. Acroteria, flower
or figure sculptures, stand on the summit and corners of the pediments.
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