2 - 6 - 5 Panathenaic Amphorae


@While black figure technique was abandoned, only Panathenaic amphorae were still decorated with the old technique [1]. These amphorae filled with olive oil taken from sacred trees at Akademia were prizes for winners of athletic games held at the Great Panathenaia held every four years at Athens.

These amphorae are important for the chronology of Greek vases, since archon's name of the year is written on it, though only on later amphorae the names were written. The amphora generally has Athena in Promachos pose between columns on one side and one of the games held at the festival on the other. Oldest amphora is decorated by the Burgon Group, dated to c.560 and some masters such as Exekias also depicted them.

After the birth of red figure, these amphorae were decorated by red figure masters of the periods, such as the Kleophrades and Berlin painter, with old technique. Even after the end of red figure, these amphorae were decorated with black figure. Latest amphora with the name of archon is dated to 312/1, though it was produced until the 2nd century BC.

[1] For Panathenaic amphorae, see, Brauchitsch, G. v., Die Panathenaischen Preisamphoren, (1910), Gardiner, E. N., "Panathenaic Amphorae", JHS 32, pp.179-193, Beazley, J. D., "Panathenaica", AJA 47, pp.441-465, Peters, K., Studien zu den panathenaischen preisamphoren, (1941), Frel, J., Panathenaic prize amphoras, (1973).
[2] For the amphorae in the Hellenistic period, see, Dow, S., "Panathenaic amphorae from the Hellenistic period", Hesp. 5, pp.50-58. For later examples, see, Edwards, G. R., "Panathenaics of Hellenistic and Roman times", Hesp. 26, pp.120-349.